Browse the glossary using this index
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estivation:
We speak of operant behavior as emitted because the main variable controlling the frequency of the performance is the way in which the performance changes the environment. The emitted nature of operant behavior is to be contrasted with the elicited nature of reflex behavior. In operant behavior the main emphasis is on the stimulus which follows the performance in contrast to reflex behavior where the main emphasis is on the stimulus which precedes the response and elicits or evokes it. Because operant behavior is emitted, it has the quality of purposiveness, in contrast to the highly determined nature of the reflex.
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ETHICS:
Operating according to ethical precepts. providing for voluntariness and/or informed consent by clients or advocates; arranging the least intrusive or restrictive and most benign yet effective procedures; being accountable; obtaining, maintaining, and continuing development of competence, and so on. 14
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ETHOLOGY:
An area of biology concerned with the analysis of the behavior patterns that evolve in natural habitats, either in species or in individual organisms, with particular emphasis on those patterns that do not depend on, or are not known to depend on, prior operant selection or respondent conditioning. Cf. FIXED ACTION PATTERN, SPECIES-SPECIFIC BEHAVIOR, RELEASER.
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EVENT RECORDER:
A device that produces one or more time lines along which the timing of events is recorded (e.g., by displacement of a marker or pen that draws a line at a constant rate).
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EVENT RECORDING:
An observational recording procedure in which the number of occurrences of a given discrete behavior are counted-number of times correct answers are given, blows delivered, and so on-over a specified period of time. The interval may be, for instance, a classroom period, a day, or the duration of a meal or of a TV program. 5
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EVENT RECORDING:
A method of observation in which a response is recorded if a complete behavioral episode is observed.
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EVOCATION:
The production of a response. A response is sometimes said to be evoked if it is unclear whether it is emitted or elicited.
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EXCHANGEABLE REINFORCERS:
See Token Reinforcers. 10 Exclusionary timeout. See Timeout. 26
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EXCITATION:
Roughly, the production of behavior or the variables that produce it, used especially in contrast with inhibition.
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EXCURSION: On the standard recorder the pen returns to a baseline after
cumulating a block of responses of the order of 800 to 1000. In
describing the present figures, each crossing of the paper by the
pen is referred to as an excursion. |
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