GENERALITY: An experimental result is shown to have generality when it is observed in different
environments, organisms, and so on. For example, the principle of
reinforcement generalizes over species, settings, responses, and
reinforcers. In a pigeon, the peck-for-food relationship depends on
deprivation for food in the immediate past. For humans, who have an
extensive capacity for operant conditioning, going to a soda
machine to get a cold drink is an effective contingency on a hot
afternoon. In both examples, reinforcement is the operating
principle. |
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GENERALIZATION: See Generalization, response and
Generalization, stimulus. 15 |
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GENERALIZATION:
see induction.
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GENERALIZATION: The spread of the effects of reinforcement (or other operations
such as extinction or punishment) during one stimulus to other
stimuli differing from the original along one or more dimensions.
To the extent that responding is similar during two different
stimuli, the organism is said to generalize between them (the
stimuli are said to be generalized) . If responding is identical
during different stimuli, generalization between them is said to be complete
(this outcome may also be described as the absence of
discrimination or as the organism's failure to attend to the
dimension or dimensions along which they differ). Cf. ATTENTION,
DISCRIMINATION, INDUCTION, STIMULUS. |
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GENERALIZATION:
The occurrence of a behavior in the presence of a novel stimulus. Usually the novel stimulus is similar to the SD in a discrimination-training procedure.
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GENERALIZATION:
(response induction) The spread of effects to other classes of behavior when one class of behavior is modified by reinforcement, extinction, and so on. For instance, the way a particular letter is shaped or formed may vary in ways that are similar but not identical to the formation of the letter as it was originally reinforced. 29
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GENERALIZATION:
The tendency for the effects of training to spread.
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GENERALIZATION GRADIENT:
A gradient obtained after reinforcement correlated with a single stimulus (occasionally, in studies of the summation of gradients, two or more stimuli), when no discrimination has been trained between this and other stimuli on the continuum along which the gradient is determined.
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GENERALIZATION GRADIENT: (respondent). Generalization occurs when an organism shows a
conditioned response to values of the CS that were not trained
during acquisition. A, generalization
gradient is the function (graph) that relates stimulus
values to a measure of response strength. |
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GENERALIZATION GRADIENT: (OPERANT) Generalization occurs when an organism responds to values
of the SD (or fewer responses to the Sd) that were not trained
during acquisition. A generalization
gradient is the function (graph) that relates stimulus
values to a measure of response strength. |
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